Improvement in artificial manures



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

P. S. GHAPPELL AND W. H. CHAPPELL, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN ARTIFICIAL MANURES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 6,234, dated March 27, i849.

' To all whom it may concern.-

tural Salts; and we do hereby declare the following to bee full and exact description of the way or mannerot makingand using the same.

In preparing or making a given quantitysay one hundred barrelsof this composition, we first make three vats or pits about nine feet long-by four feet wide, and from two to three feet in depth, with brickaralls and floors, all of which are well puddled to prevent leakage, intocach of which vats we pour about fifty gallons of a liquor, usually obtained from gas manufactories, called or known by the name ot'gas or tammouiacal liquor. \Ve then add to the gas liquor contained in each vat, about half the weight of the bones, (to be added as hereinafter described,) of sulphuric acid (63 Baum-l, by which a high degree of temperature is generated. W c then deposit about thirty three bushels of crushed bones in each vat, when the mixture of gasliquonsulphuric acid, and crushed bones are well stirred and mixed together with a copper-headed rake, or instrument suitable for that purpose. The vats 'are then covered over with boards or plank, and so remain for the space of three d iys, at the expiration of which time the composition formed by the gas .liquors, sulphuric acid, and crushed bones is ready to intermix with layers of compost made in the following manner: First, we'take twenty-four barrelsof the residuum from the manufacture of alum, (containing silica, silicate of alumina, some silicate ot' potash, and sulphate of alumina, with ajsmall portion of sulphuric acid;) second, twenty barrels of the residuum from the p m anufact ure ofcpsom salts, (containing silicate the manufacture of nitrous acid from the nitrate of soda and muriatic acid from the muriatcof soda), and twenty bushels of com mon salt, all of which materials are deposited under a shed, in layers-,in termixiug therewith as equally as possible, as deposited, the composition formed in the vats from gas liquor, sulphuric acid, and crushed bones.

In order that each of all the before-mentioned materials of which the agricultural salts are made may be well mixed with the rest, we usually cut the heap thus deposited perpendicularly from the top to the bottom with aspade, so asto take small portions oi. each of the layers of the different materials of which it is composed and work them over, crushing all the lumps that may be found in the heap, and mixing in a very fine and even manner each of the component parts with the others. Thisprocess perfects the composition, it being then ready to put up in barrels for use.

These agricultural salts may be made of greater or less elementary strength by an increase or diminution of that component in which an increase or diminution of strength is desired.

The manner of using the agricultural salts is first to prepare the-ground upon which they are to be put by plowing it, atter which the agricultural salts are to be sown in such quantity as may be thought necessary for the land.

They may then be harrowed into the soil.

Having thus fully shown and specifically described the nature of our discovery or invention and given afull and exact description of the manner of makingand using the same, now what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

lhe residuum from the manufacture of alum and the residuum from the manufacture of ep- S0111 salts, in combination with "any or all of the hereinbefore-described materials for the purpose of making the'niixture or a modification thereof, as hereinbei'ore described, which said composition or mixture is to be made in the way or manner, and to be used, as hereinbefore fully set forth.

PHILIP S. OHAPPELL. WM. HENRY OHAPPELL.

Witnesses:

A. D. PENINGTON, J. H. ALEXANDER. 

